The souks of Marrakech are not one market. They're dozens of specialized markets woven together into a labyrinth that covers roughly one square kilometer north of Jemaa el-Fna. Understanding the layout transforms shopping from overwhelming to strategic.
The main artery is Souk Semmarine, which runs north from Jemaa el-Fna. This wide, covered passage is the tourist highway, where prices are the highest, and touts are the most aggressive. Think of it as the motorway: useful for navigation, but exit early for better deals.
Textiles and clothing cluster in Souk des Teinturiers (the dyers' souk) and the surrounding alleys to the northeast. This is where you'll find scarves, kaftans, and the famous hanging dyed fabrics. Fair prices: 40-80 MAD for a good scarf, 200-400 MAD for a kaftan.
Leather goods concentrate in Souk Cherratine, east of the main drag. This is near the famous tanneries (Chouara), and you'll find bags, belts, and poofs at better prices than Souk Semmarine. The deeper you go, the better the prices. Babouche slippers are everywhere, but the best selection is here.
Metalwork and lanterns fill Souk Haddadine (the blacksmiths' souk) in the southeastern section. The sound of hammering on brass and iron is your guide. Small brass lanterns start at about 120 MAD fair price. Larger decorative pieces can be hundreds of MAD, and shipping them home is a whole other challenge.
Spices are centered around Rahba Kedima, the old grain market square. This is also where you'll find traditional cosmetics, dried herbs, and supposed magic cures. Ras el hanout (100g) should cost about 20 MAD from a spice vendor, while tourist shops around the square charge 80-100 MAD.
Carpets and rugs have their own section near the northern edge of the souks. This is where high-pressure sales tactics are most refined. Never follow someone who offers to 'show you their family's workshop.' If you want a carpet, go with a clear budget and be prepared to spend 30-60 minutes in negotiation. Small rugs start around 500 MAD fair price.
Navigation tips: the souks have a rough grid pattern, even if it doesn't feel like it. Walking generally north takes you deeper in; walking south brings you back toward Jemaa el-Fna. When lost, ask a shopkeeper (not a random person in the street) for directions to a landmark. 'Jemaa el-Fna?' works universally. Keep your phone charged for GPS backup.